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Kuntz L., Aranda L., Rapin C., Canceill T.,Vannet B.V., Fawaz P.,
European Journal of Orthodontics, Volume 46, Issue 6, December 2024, cjae063, DOI: doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjae063
Chen D.-S., Peng T.-Y., Huang P.-Y., Kaku M., Cheng H.-C.
Advances in clear aligner therapy: comparative evaluation of the optical properties and bacterial adhesion of 3D direct-printed and thermoformed aligners.
Progress in Orthodontics. 26. 10.1186/s40510-025-00600-3.
Xu J., Ma Y., Qiang R., Fan X., Zhang M., Jin Z.
Force comparison between Perfitalign 4D aligners and thermoformed aligners for mandibular incisor retraction: an in vitro study.
Prog Orthod. 2025 Oct 30;26(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s40510-025-00591-1. PMID: 41166004; PMCID: PMC12575893.
Migliorati M, Posadino M, Provenzano C, De Mari A, Drago S.
Accuracy comparison of orthodontic movements obtained with 3D printed and thermoformed aligners: a retrospective cohort study.
Prog Orthod. 2025 Oct 28;26(1):42. doi: 10.1186/s40510-025-00587-x. PMID: 41148437; PMCID: PMC12569287.
Al Shalabi A.A., Malik S., Kim H., Alhotan A., Ghoneima A., Elshazly T.M.
Preclinical evaluation of 3D-Printed orthodontic aligners using an electro-typodont model.
Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 13:1650447. DOI:10.3389/fbioe.2025.1650447
Teramoto-lida A., Álvarez-Chimal R., Reyes-Carmona L., Álvarez-Pérez M. A., Pozos-Guillen A., Vázquez-Vázquez F. C.
3D Printing of Shape Memory Resin for Orthodontic Aligners with Green Synthesized Antimicrobial ZnO Nanoparticles Coatings: Toward Bioactive Devices.
Bioengineering, 12(11), 1193. DOI:doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12111193
Zecca P. A., Scurati E. I., Zara F., Raspanti M., Baranzini N., Binda G., Serafin M., Caprioglio A., Borgese M.
Microscopic Acid-Induced Degradation and Elemental Release From Thermoformed and 3D-Printed Orthodontic Aligners in a Simulated Gastric Environment
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials 113, no. 10 (2025): e35674, DOI: doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.35674.
Darkhanbayeva N., Choi J. Y., Park K. W., Jeong H., Kim H., Cha J. Y., Kim S. J.
Impact of removal frequency on site-specific force profile and dimensional stability of direct-printed aligners in relation to dental crowding
Sci Rep 15, 36754 (2025). DOI: doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-20699-y
Goracci C., Mangal U., Čokić S. M., Mazzoni A., Vich, A., Josic, U.
Biocompatibility and Safety of 3D Printing Resins for Orthodontic Aligners: A Critical Review of Current Evidence.
Polymers, 17(22), 3060. DOI: doi.org/10.3390/polym17223060
Kao C.Y. , Huang T. H., Ho C. T., Santiwong P., Hsieh Y. H., Kao C. T.
Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity assessment of 3D-printed orthodontic aligners: A comparative study of Graphy and LuxCreo resins on human periodontal ligament cells and osteosarcoma cells
Journal of Dental Sciences 2025, ISSN 1991-7902, DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2025.03.026
Paik Y., Kim Y. M., Choi Y. K., Kim S. H., Kim S.S., Kim W., Kim Y. I.
Enhanced anti-microbial properties of clear aligner resin containing zwitterionic material.
Sci Rep 15, 28664 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14004-0
Lee M., Miranda G., McCray J., Levine M., Kim K. B.
Forces and Moments Generated by Direct Printed Aligners During Bodily Movement of a Maxillary Central Incisor.
Applied Sciences, 15(15), 8554. DOI: doi.org/10.3390/app15158554
Choi J. Y., Kim H., Kim S. H., Kim S. J., Cha J. Y., Kim K. B., Kim H. J., Lee S. Y., Jang S., Khan T. A., Min J., Lee J.
Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of a Temperature-Responsive Photocurable Resin for 3D Printed Orthodontic Clear Aligners
Sci Rep 15, 23530 (2025). DOI: doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93026-0
Jang E.Y.
Effects of direct-printed aligner eluents on the growth, biofilm, and transcriptome of Streptococcus mutans GS-5
J Korean Soc Dent Hyg 2025;25(2):189-98. DOI: doi.org/10.13065/jksdh.2025.25.3.1
Kim D., Lee H., Kim K.B., Kim S., Kim S., Park S., Choi Y., Kim Y.
Force and moment analysis of clear aligners: Impact of material properties and design on premolar rotation.
Korean J Orthod 2025;55:212-223. DOI: doi.org/10.4041/kjod24.114
Bacci H.
Effects of modifying the post-curing protocol on transparency and the fit capacity of directly printed expanders for pediatric patients.
J Dent Health Oral Disord Ther. 2025;16(2):33-36. DOI: doi.org/10.15406/jdhodt.2025.16.00639
Ghazel R., Blouza M.A., Abid Y., Amor W.B., Dallel I., Tobji S., Amor A.B.
Evolving Technologies in Orthodontics: The Example of the Direct 3D Printed Aligners: A Literature Review.
Saudi J Oral Dent Res, 10(4): 194-204. DOI: doi.org/10.36348/sjodr.2025.v10i04.002
Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Tsoi, J., Yang Y., Cho K.
Static and dynamic mechanical properties of 3D-printed clear resin with embedded orthodontic metal wire.
Prog Orthod. 26, 12 (2025). DOI: doi.org/10.1186/s40510-025-00559-1
Wu C., Mangal U., Bai N., Kim H., Hwang G., Cha J. Y., Lee K. J., Kwon J. S., Choi S. H.
Effects of printing layer thickness and build orientation on the mechanical properties and color stability of 3D-printed clear aligners
Angle Orthod. 2025 Mar 5., DOI: doi.org/10.2319/081624-672.1
Wendl T., Wendl B., Proff, P.
An analysis of initial force and moment delivery of different aligner materials.
Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik. DOI: doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2025-0003
Bae B. G., Chae H. S.
Clear Aligner Treatment of a Skeletal Class II Malocclusion after Anterior Segmental Osteotomy
Clin J Korean Assoc Orthod 2025;15(1):40-51, DOI: doi.org/10.33777/cjkao.2025.15.1.40
Khalil A. S., Zaher A. R.
Effect of printing orientation and resin thickness on flexural strength of direct 3D-printed aligners
BMC Oral Health 25, 238 (2025). DOI: doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05556-8
Choi J., Thakur D., Min J., Lee J., Kim H., Hyun J.
Incorporation of acrylated cellulose nanocrystals into photocurable resin for high-fidelity printing of transparent 3D structures
Journal of Manufacturing Processes, Volume 139, 2025, Pages 1-11, ISSN 1526-6125, DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.02.023
Bleilöb M., Welte-Jzyk C., Knode V., Ludwig B., Erbe C.
Biocompatibility of variable thicknesses of a novel directly printed aligner in orthodontics.
Sci Rep 15, 3279 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85359-7
Goracci C., Bosoni C., Marti P,. Scotti N., Franchi L., Vichi A.
Influence of Printing Orientation on Surface Roughness and Gloss of 3D Printed Resins for Orthodontic Devices.
Materials. 2025; 18(3):523. DOI: doi.org/10.3390/ma18030523
Bae B.G., Kim Y.H., Lee G.H., Lee J., Min J., Kim H., Shin J. W., Chae H. S.
A study on the compressive strength of three-dimensional direct printing aligner material for specific designing of clear aligners.
Sci Rep 15, 2489 (2025). DOI: doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86687-4
Mattle M., Zinelis S., Polychronis G., Makou O., Panayi N., Papageorgiou S.N., Eliades T.
Effect of heat treatment and nitrogen atmosphere during post-curing on mechanical properties of 3D-printed orthodontic aligners.
European journal of orthodontics, 46(1), cjad074. DOI: doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjad074
Erbe C., Ludwig B., Bleilöb M.
Unlocking the biological insights of 3D printed aligners: A look at current findings
Seminars in Orthodontics, 2024, ISSN 1073-8746, DOI: doi.org/10.1053/j.sodo.2024.10.001
Šimunović L., Marić A.J., Bačić I., Haramina T., Meštrović S.
Impact of UV Light Exposure During Printing on Thermomechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Polyurethane-Based Orthodontic Aligners.
Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(20):9580. DOI: doi.org/10.3390/app14209580
Alkhamees, Amani
The new additive era of orthodontics: 3D-printed aligners and shape memory polymers—the latest trend—and their environmental implications.
Journal of Orthodontic Science 13(1):55, November 2024. DOI: doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_211_23
Baik J. C., Choi Y. K., Cho Y., Baek Y., Kim S.H., Kim S.S., Park S.B., Kim K.B., Kim Y.I.
Evaluation of different designs of 3D printed clear aligners on mandibular premolar extrusion using force/moment measurement devices and digital image correlation method
Korean J Orthod. 2024 Nov 25;54(6):359-373. DOI: doi.org/10.4041/kjod24.016
Sobti R., Kanase A., Misra V.,
Shape memory resin for direct printed aligners: A scoping review.
J Contemp Orthod 2024;8(4):404-414 DOI: doi.org/10.18231/j.jco.2024.062
Ludwig B., Ojima K., Schmid J. Q., Knode V., Nanda R.
Direct-Printed Aligners: A Clinical Status Report
Journal of Clinical Orthodontics November 2024 Volume 58, Issue 11: 658-668
Manoukakis T., Nikolaidis A. K., Koulaouzidou E. A.
Polymerization kinetics of 3D-printed orthodontic aligners under different UV post-curing conditions
Prog Orthod. 2024 Oct 28;25(1):42. DOI: doi.org/10.1186/s40510-024-00540-4
Knode V., Ludwig B., Retrouvey J. M., Pandis N., Schmid J. Q., Erbe C., Fleming P. S.
Directly printed aligner therapy: A 12-month evaluation of application and effectiveness
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2024 Oct 18:S0889-5406(24)00367-6. DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2024.08.013
Sarı T., Camcı H., Aslantaş K.
Evaluation of mechanical changes to clear aligners caused by exposure to different liquids.
Australasian Orthodontic Journal, 40(2), 2024. 75-86. DOI: doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2024-0022
Hoang V., Dang T.T., Nguyen M.K., Tran P.H.
Accelerated and hybrid orthodontic treatment using a combination of 2D lingual appliance and in-house aligner: An anterior cross-bite and TMD case report after 1-year follow-up.
APOS Trends Orthod. DOI: doi.org/10.25259/APOS_22_2024
Viet H., Lam T., Phuc N., et al.
Class II Correction and Crowding Treatment Using In-House Direct Printed Clear Aligners: A Literature Review and Case Report.
Cureus 16(7): e65024 (2024). DOI: doi.org/10.7759/cureus.65024
Kim J.E., Mangal U., Yu J.H. Kim G.T., Kim H., Seo J.Y., Cha J.Y., Lee K.J., Kwon J.S., Choi S.H.
Evaluation of the effects of temperature and centrifugation time on elimination of uncured resin from 3D-printed dental aligners.
Sci Rep 14, 15206 (2024). DOI: doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-66150-6
Sharif M., Bourauel C., Ghoneima A., Schwarze J., Alhotan A., Elshazly T. M.
Force system of 3D-printed orthodontic aligners made of shape memory polymers: an in vitro study.
Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 19(1). DOI: doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2024.2361857
Migliorati M., Drago S., Castroflorio T., Pesce P., Battista G., Campobasso A., Gastaldi G., Valvecchi F.F., Mari A.D.
Accuracy of orthodontic movements with 3D printed aligners: A prospective observational pilot study.
Korean J Orthod 2024;54:160-170. DOI: doi.org/10.4041/kjod23.268
Sivak M .G., Jo Y. M.,Nanda R., Bechtold T.E.
In-House 3D-Printed Shape Memory Aligners for Retreatment after Fixed Retainer Failure
Journal of Clinical Orthodontics June 2024 Volume 58, Issue 6: 345-353 [CASE REPORT]
https://www.jco-online.com/archive/2024/06/345-case-report-in-house-3d-printed-shape-memory-aligners-for-retreatment-after-fixed-retainer-failure/
Slaymaker J., Hirani S., Woolley, J.
Direct 3D printing aligners - past, present and future possibilities.
British Dental Journal 236, 401–405 (2024). DOI: doi.org/10.1038/s41415-024-7126-0
Camenisch L., Polychronis G., Panayi N., Makou O., Papageorgiou S. N., Zinelis S., Eliades T.
Effect of printing orientation on mechanical properties of 3D-printed orthodontic aligners.
J Orofac Orthop (2024). DOI: doi.org/10.1007/s00056-023-00511-0
Atta I., Bourauel c., Alkabani Y., Mohamed N., Kim H., Alhotan A., Ghoneima A., Elshazly T.
Physiochemical and mechanical characterisation of orthodontic 3D printed aligner material made of shape memory polymers (4D aligner material)
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, Volume 150, 2024, 106337, ISSN 1751-6161,
DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106337.
Šimunović L., Jurela A., Sudarević K., Bačić I., Haramina T., Meštrović S..
Influence of Post-Processing on the Degree of Conversion and Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Polyurethane Aligners.
Polymers. 2024; 16(1):17. DOI: doi.org/10.3390/polym16010017
Kau C.H., Soh J., Christou T., Mangal A..
Orthodontic Aligners: Current Perspectives for the Modern Orthodontic Office.
Medicina. 2023; 59(10):1773. DOI: doi.org/10.3390/medicina59101773
Campobasso A., Battista G., Lo Muzio E., Colombo S., Paglia M., Federici Canova F., Gianolio A., Beretta M.
New 3D printed polymers in orthodontics: a scoping review
European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 24(3), pp224-228. DOI: doi.org/10.23804/ejpd.2023.1921
Campobasso A., Ariano A., Battista G., Posa F., Migliorati M., Drago S., Lo Muzio E., Mori G.
Comparison of the cytotoxicity of 3D-printed aligners using different post-curing procedures: an in vitro study.
Australasian Orthodontic Journal Sciendo, 39, no. 2 (2023): 49-56. DOI: doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2023-0026
McKay A., McCray J., Bankhead B. et al.
Forces and moments generated during extrusion of a maxillary central incisor with clear aligners: an in vitro study.
BMC Oral Health 23, 495 (2023). DOI: doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03136-2
Grant J., Foley P., Bankhead B. et al.
Forces and moments generated by 3D direct printed clear aligners of varying labial and lingual thicknesses during lingual movement of maxillary central incisor: an in vitro study.
Prog Orthod. 24, 23 (2023). DOI: doi.org/10.1186/s40510-023-00475-2
Panayi NC.
Directly Printed Aligner: Aligning with the Future.
Turk J Orthod. 2023 Mar;36(1):62-69. DOI: doi.org/10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2023.2023.20
Remley M. L., Kim K. B., Ferreira Pessoa Carvalho Miranda G., Bankhead B., McCray J.
Force Assessment of Thermoformed and Direct-printed Aligners in a Lingual Bodily Movement of a Central Incisor Over Time: A 14-day In Vitro Study
Journal of Korean Dental Science 16, no.1 (2023) : 23-34
Hertan E., McCray J., Bankhead B. et al.
Force profile assessment of direct-printed aligners versus thermoformed aligners and the effects of non-engaged surface patterns.
Prog Orthod. 23, 49 (2022). DOI: doi.org/10.1186/s40510-022-00443-2
Bichu Y. M., Alwafi A., Liu X., Andrews J., Ludwig B., Bichu A. Y., Zou B.,
Advances in orthodontic clear aligner materials.
Bioactive Materials, Volume 22, 2023, Pages 384-403, ISSN 2452-199X, DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.006.
Koenig N., Choi J. Y., McCray J., Hayes A., Schneider P., Kim K. B.
Comparison of dimensional accuracy between direct-printed and thermoformed aligners.
Korean J Orthod 2022;52(4):249-257. DOI: doi.org/10.4041/kjod21.269
Tsolakis I. A., Gizani S., Tsolakis A. I., Panayi N.
Three-Dimensional-Printed Customized Orthodontic and Pedodontic Appliances: A Critical Review of a New Era for Treatment.
Children, 9(8), 1107. DOI: doi.org/10.3390/children9081107
Pratsinis H., Papageorgiou S. N., Panayi N., Iliadi A., Eliades T., Kletsas D.
Cytotoxicity and estrogenicity of a novel 3-dimensional printed orthodontic aligner.
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2022 Sep;162(3):e116-e122. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2022.06.014
Lee S.Y., Kim H., Kim HJ. et al.
Thermo-mechanical properties of 3D printed photocurable shape memory resin for clear aligners.
Sci Rep 12, 6246 (2022). DOI: doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09831-4
Can E., Panayi N., Polychronis G., Papageorgiou S. N., Zinelis S., Eliades G., Eliades T.
In-house 3D-printed aligners: effect of in vivo ageing on mechanical properties.
Eur J Orthod. 2022 Jan 25;44(1):51-55. DOI: doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjab022
Pubblicazioni scientifiche a pagamento
Topsakal K., Gökmen Ş., Öztürk Y., Bakkal B.
Esthetic stability of the TA-28 directly printed aligner: Insights into color change and surface wettability
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 169, 532-540, DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.11.022
Šimunović L., Miličevića A. M., Brenkob L., Haraminab T., Meštrovića S.
Absorption and desorption dynamics of thermoformed and 3-dimensional-printed orthodontic aligners
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 168, Issue 4, 466 - 476 DOI:doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2025.04.022
Kim S. J., Lee G.
Direct Printed Aligner: Unique and Novel Characteristics Contributing as Future Treatment Modalities
Informationen aus Orthodontie & Kieferorthopädie. 57. 113-120. DOI: 10.1055/a-2344-3968.
Bharadwaj R., Kabilan A., Balasubramanian S., Krishnaswamy N.R.
From scan to smile: Workflow of direct printed aligners with case reports
L. Es Sebar et al.
Evaluation of In-Vivo Aging of 3D printed Orthodontic Aligners
IEEE Medical Measurements & Applications (MeMeA), Chania, Greece, 2025, pp. 1-6, DOI: 10.1109/MeMeA65319.2025.11068024.
Kevin J Jahng, Michael M Lee, Julie F McCray, Samar M Adel, Gabriel Miranda, Ki Beom Kim,
Forces and moments on a maxillary lateral incisor using 3D-printed aligners with pressure points: an in vitro study
European Journal of Orthodontics, Volume 47, Issue 4, August 2025, cjaf061, DOI: doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjaf061
Bharadwaj R., Kabilan A., Balasubramanian S., Krishnaswamy N.R.
From scan to smile: Workflow of direct printed aligners with case reports
Quintessence Publishing Deutschland, International Orthodontics - Pages 165-182
https://www.quintessence-publishing.com/deu/en/article/6265769/kieferorthopaedie/2025/02/vom-scan-zum-laecheln-arbeitsablauf-von-direkt-gedruckten-alignern-mit-patientenbeispielen
Torkomian T., De la Iglesia F., Puigdollers A.,
3D-printed clear aligners: An emerging alternative to the conventional thermoformed aligners? – A systematic review
Journal of Dentistry, Volume 155, 2025, 105616, ISSN 0300-5712, DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2025.105616
Migliorati M., De Mari A., Drago S.
Direct-to-print aligners: An exploration of current knowledge, from software to printers, materials, and design variations
Seminars in Orthodontics, Volume 31, Issue 1, 144 – 149 DOI: doi.org/10.1053/j.sodo.2024.06.002
Wu C., Mangal U., Seo J.Y., Kim H., Bai N., Cha J. Y., Lee K. J., Kwon J. S., Choi S. H.
Enhancing biofilm resistance and preserving optical translucency of 3D printed clear aligners through carboxybetaine-copolymer surface treatment
Dental Materials, Volume 40, Issue 10, 2024, Pages 1575-1583, ISSN 0109-5641, DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2024.07.009
Theodorou, Christina I. et al.
Optimal force magnitude for bodily orthodontic tooth movement with fixed appliances: A systematic review
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 156, Issue 5, 582 - 592. DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.05.011
Panayi N. C., Efstathiou S., Christopoulou I., Kotantoula g., Tsolakis I. A.
Digital orthodontics: Present and future
AJO-DO Clinical Companion, Volume 4, Issue 1, 14 – 25 DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.xaor.2023.12.001
Kim K.B., Graf. S.
Direct Printing of Clear Aligners
Journal of Clinical Orthodontics
https://www.jco-online.com/archive/2023/08/450-direct-printing-of-clear-aligners/
Schupp W., Haubrich J., Klingberg M., Boisserée W., Sim U., Kim H.
Shape memory aligners: A new dimension in aligner orthodontics
Journal of Aligner Orthodontics 02/2023, 113-127 [REVIEW ARTICLE]
https://www.quintessence-publishing.com/gbr/en/article/4192665/journal-of-aligner-orthodontics/2023/02/shape-memory-aligners-a-new-dimension-in-aligner-orthodontics
Graf S.
Directly printed aligners – the holy grail in orthodontics?
Orthodontics & Orthodontics 2023; 55(01): 18-22 DOI: doi.org/10.1055/a-2021-5001
Panayi N., Cha J., Kim K. B.,
3D Printed Aligners: Material Science, Workflow and Clinical Applications
Seminars in Orthodontics, Volume 29, Issue 1, 2023, Pages 25-33, ISSN 1073-8746, DOI: doi.org/10.1053/j.sodo.2022.12.007
PUBBLICAZIONI SU STAMPA 3D di ALLINEATORI
Tartaglia G. M., Mapelli A., Maspero C., Santaniello T., Serafin M., Farronato M., Caprioglio A.
Direct 3D Printing of Clear Orthodontic Aligners: Current State and Future Possibilities.
Materials (Basel). 2021 Apr 5;14(7):1799. DOI: doi.org/10.3390/ma14071799
Li X., Ren C., Wang Z., Zhao P., Wang H., Bai Y.
Changes in force associated with the amount of aligner activation and lingual bodily movement of the maxillary central incisor.
Korean J Orthod. 2016 Mar;46(2):65-72. DOI: doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2016.46.2.65
Wu J. L., Liu Y. F., Peng W., Dong H. Y., Zhang J. X..
A biomechanical case study on the optimal orthodontic force on the maxillary canine tooth based on finite element analysis. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2018 Jul;19(7):535-546. DOI: doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1700195